Acetazolamide

Hyperkalemic periodic paralysis (HyPP) management in horses; intraocular pressure reduction in equine/canine glaucoma; adjunct anticonvulsant in dogs. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor (CAI). Mechanism: blocks carbonic anhydrase enzyme in renal tubules, eye, and CNS — reduces bicarbonate reabsorption (diuresis, metabolic acidosis), decreases aqueous humor production (lowers IOP), and stabilizes neuronal membranes (anticonvulsant). Sulfonamide-derived compound. Oral bioavailability good in most species. Key information Store at room temperature. May cause hypokalemia with prolonged use — monitor electrolytes. Sulfonamide derivative — avoid in sulfa-sensitive animals. Not for use in pregnant mares (teratogenic risk).

Administer orally. May be given with food to improve compliance and reduce GI upset. Administer with food to reduce GI adverse effects. Tablets may be crushed and mixed with food if needed. Monitor for metabolic acidosis during therapy. If a dose is missed Administer as soon as you remember. If it is almost time for the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and resume the normal schedule. Never double up doses to make up for a missed one.

Metabolic acidosis (bicarbonate wasting), electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia). GI: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. CNS: lethargy, paresthesias. Sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions possible. Renal: urolithiasis risk with alkaline urine. Horses: excitement/dysphoria possible.

For animals Avoid in patients with hypokalemia, hyponatremia, hepatic failure, renal failure, or sulfonamide allergy. Use with caution in horses with electrolyte imbalances (metabolic acidosis risk). Monitor electrolytes and acid-base status. For people handling this medication Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water after handling. Avoid contact with eyes; if contact occurs, flush with water for 15 minutes and seek medical attention. Keep out of reach of children. If accidental ingestion occurs, contact Poison Control (1-800-222-1222). Sulfonamide derivative — inform your doctor if you have sulfa allergy. Keep out of reach of children. Pregnant women and women of childbearing age should avoid contact.

Contact your veterinarian. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor overdose causes metabolic acidosis and electrolyte imbalances.